Psychological needs in parents and clinically referred adolescents: An integrative model via parenting and parental mindfulness.

Framed on Self-Determination Theory, this study sought to examine the interplay between parents' and adolescents' need satisfaction and need frustration, as well as to investigate the potential mediating role of autonomy-supportive and psychologically controlling parenting. Whether parents' dispositional mindfulness moderated the relation between parental need frustration and parenting was also investigated. Participants were 213 clinically referred adolescents between 12 and 17 years (Mage = 14.36; 55.9% girls) and 225 parents (85.3% mothers). Findings from structural equation models revealed a bright and a dark pathway linking parents' and adolescents' need-based experiences through parenting. Specifically, parental need satisfaction was positively related to autonomy-supportive parenting, which, in turn, contributed to greater adolescents' need satisfaction. In contrast, parents' need frustration yielded a positive association with psychologically controlling parenting, which, in turn, positively related to adolescents' need frustration. Latent moderation analyses also indicated that parents' mindfulness played a role as a moderator of the relationship between parental need frustration and psychological control; the association was attenuated when parents reported higher levels of mindfulness. Implications for the promotion of positive parenting among families of adolescents with mental health problems are outlined. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Demographic, Social, and Economic Factors of Internalizing Problems in Referred and Non-Referred Adolescents.

Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are common internalizing problems during adolescence. Numerous studies have explored the role of certain demographic, social, and economic factors in their development in referred or non-referred adolescents, but not simultaneously in both groups. In this study, we examined the association between age, gender, parents' educational level, and socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in a referred group (n = 211) and a non-referred (n = 1401) group of adolescents. We also examined the moderating role that these factors play in the relationships between both internalizing problems. The results showed: higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the referred group; an increase in both problems during early-to-middle adolescence in the non-referred group; an association between low SES and suicidal ideation in both groups; an association between low father's education level and depressive symptoms in the non-referred group; and no gender differences in either of these two internalizing problems. The moderation analyses showed that age, in referred adolescents, and SES, in non-referred adolescents, moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. This study contributes to the identification of groups of vulnerable adolescents that could constitute the target populations of preventive programs.

When is Parental Monitoring Effective? A Person-centered Analysis of the Role of Autonomy-supportive and Psychologically Controlling Parenting in Referred and Non-referred Adolescents.

Over the last few years, the protective role of parental monitoring on adolescent adjustment (i.e., active parental efforts aimed at setting limits and tracking adolescents' activities and whereabouts) has been challenged. Recent research has shifted attention to the conditions under which monitoring may be more or less effective. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study investigated the role of parents' autonomy-supportive and psychologically controlling parenting in effects of parental monitoring on adolescents' adjustment. It also considered the role of adolescents' clinical status (i.e., clinically referred vs non-referred). Adopting a person-centered approach, we aimed to identify naturally occurring profiles of monitoring, autonomy-support, and psychological control and to examine differences between these profiles in terms of life satisfaction, positive affect, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants included 218 referred (Mage = 14.44, 56% girls) and 218 matched adolescents from a larger sample of 1056 community (Mage = 14.83, 52.9% girls). Multigroup Latent Profile Analyses revealed five parenting profiles which were structurally equivalent in both samples: high monitoring with either high autonomy support or high psychological control, low monitoring with either high autonomy-support or high psychological control, and an average profile. Referred youth were significantly more present in the average profile and in the profiles characterized by high levels of psychological control. As hypothesized, profiles showed a differential association with adolescents' self-reported adjustment, with the high monitoring-high autonomy support profile yielding the most optimal and the low monitoring-high psychological control profile yielding the worst outcomes. Associations between profiles and outcomes were similar for referred and non-referred adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of considering the parenting climate (i.e., autonomy-supportive versus psychologically controlling) to understand effects of parental monitoring during adolescence.

Uncovering the Link between Self-control, Age, and Psychological Maladjustment among Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults / Investigando la relación entre el autocontrol, la edad y el desajuste psicológico en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos españoles

This study explores the relationships of self-control with age and psychological maladjustment in adolescents and young adults. The sample consisted of 1,600 randomly selected Spanish adolescents and young adults, aged 12-34 years (M = 22.28, SD = 6.94). Measures of self-control, Internet addiction, and anxiety-depressive symptoms were administered. Control variables included age and sex. Results indicated that adolescents between 15 and 19 years old showed the lowest self-control scores, while older participants showed greater scores. Low scores in self-control were significantly associated with greater substance consumption, more anxiety-depression symptoms, and higher scores on the Internet addiction scale. Also, participants with high scores on the addiction scale scored lower on self-control. These results evidence associations between self-control and some emotional-behavioral problems, and suggest the importance of promoting self-control to prevent Internet addiction, substance consumption, and anxiety-depression in adolescents and young adults

Este estudio explora las tendencias evolutivas en el autocontrol y su relación con el desajuste psicológico en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1,600 adolescentes y jóvenes adultos españoles de entre 12 y 34 años (M = 22.28, DT = 6.94) seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se administraron medidas de autocontrol, adicción a internet y síntomas de ansiedad-depresión. El sexo y la edad fueron utilizados como variables de control. Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 19 años mostraron las puntuaciones más bajas en autocontrol, mientras que los participantes de más edad puntuaron más alto. Puntuaciones bajas en autocontrol estuvieron significativamente asociadas con mayor consumo de sustancias, más síntomas de ansiedad-depresión y puntuaciones más elevadas en la escala de adicción a internet. Además, los participantes con puntuaciones más altas en la escala de adicción puntuaron más bajo en autocontrol. Estos resultados evidencian las relaciones entre el autocontrol y algunos problemas emocionales y conductuales y sugieren la importancia de promover el autocontrol para prevenir la adicción a internet, el consumo de sustancias y los problemas de ansiedad-depresión en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos

Family education and support for families at psychosocial risk in Europe: Evidence from a survey of international experts.

There is overwhelming consensus among policy makers, academics, and professionals about the need to support families in their childrearing tasks. Consequently, European countries have been encouraged to develop family support interventions aimed at guaranteeing children's rights, targeting particularly those children in situations of psychosocial risk. While a certain amount of evidence exists regarding how family support is generally delivered in certain European countries, with a particular focus on parenting initiatives, this paper aims to take existing evidence one step further by providing an updated review focusing on two core components of the Council of Europe's Recommendation on Positive Parenting: families at psychosocial risk as the target population, and family education and support initiatives as the delivery format. The scope of the study was therefore broad, in both geographical and conceptual terms. An online survey was conducted with experts from 19 European countries to gather information regarding how they perceive family education and support initiatives for families at psychosocial risk. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed by computing frequencies/percentages and by following a thematic synthesis method, respectively. The results revealed both similarities and disparities as regards provider profiles, intervention characteristics, and quality standards. Practical implications are discussed, such as the need to diversify initiatives for at-risk families in accordance with the tenets of progressive universalism, the ongoing need for an evidence-based, pluralistic approach to programmes, and the skills and qualifications required in the family support workforce. This study constitutes a first step towards building a common family support framework at a European level, which would encompass family support and parenting policies aimed at families at psychosocial risk.

Programa Apego. Una experiencia de promoción de parentalidad positiva desde el contexto sanitario / No disponible

La incorporación de la parentalidad positiva al trabajo con familias ha supuesto la adopción de un enfoque de intervención proactivo y capacitador que sitúa los programas de educación parental en el ámbito de la prevención y promoción como punta de lanza en el apoyo a las familias, para que cumplan adecuadamente las tareas relacionadas con el cuidado y la educación de sus hijos e hijas. En este trabajo se describe el programa Apego, una iniciativa de carácter psicoeducativo dirigida a promover la parentalidad positiva desde el contexto sanitario en el ámbito de la promoción y prevención primaria. A la luz de las características del programa, se discuten sus fortalezas y debilidades según los estándares de calidad actuales en el trabajo con familias

The inclusion of a positive parenting approach in family support has translated into the stimulus of active and strengthening interventions, placing preventive and promoting parent education programmes as valuable initiatives in supporting families regarding their childrearing tasks. In this paper, the programme Apego (Attachment in English) is described. This is a psychoeducational program aimed at enhancing positive parenting from health services at a preventive level. From Apego programme characteristics, its strengths and weakness are discussed according to current quality standards in family support area

Promoción de parentalidad positiva en Polígono Sur. Diseño de un programa para familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial / No disponible

Las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales en materia de promoción de parentalidad positiva reconocen la necesidad de apoyar a las familias para un ejercicio adecuado de sus funciones educativas, particularmente a aquellas que se encuentran situaciones de riesgo psicosocial. Estas recomendaciones sitúan a los servicios municipales como las instituciones idóneas para garantizar dicho apoyo. En este trabajo se presenta el Programa de Promoción de Parentalidad Positiva en Polígono Sur (5P’s), una iniciativa de carácter psicoeducativo y comunitario que surge, fundamentalmente, por la necesidad de disponer de materiales y recursos específicos para familias que, por su situación de particular vulnerabilidad, por sus propios valores culturales, así como por las particularidades del barrio en el que habitan (una zona de necesidad de transformación social), no se beneficiarían de otros programas ya existentes. A lo largo de este trabajo se describen los contenidos del programa, su estructura y el diseño de evaluación previsto y se discuten sus fortalezas y retos futuros

Both national and international recommendations on positive parenting recognize the need for supporting families in their childrearing tasks, particularly in psychosocial-risk situations. These recommendations highlight local services as the best source to support families. In this paper the Program for Promoting Positive Parenting in Polígono Sur (5P’s) is described. 5P’s is a psycho-educational and community initiative starting from the need for specific materials for vulnerable families because of: (1) their psychosocial profile, (2) their cultural values; (3) living in a neighborhood with at-risk conditions. The contents, the format and the evaluation design of the program are introduced. Strengths and future challenges are discussed

Promoción de una parentalidad positiva en familias con adolescentes que padecen problemas de salud mental / No disponible

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un proyecto de investigación que cuenta con una doble finalidad. Por un lado, contribuir al conocimiento sobre las competencias y las necesidades de apoyo que presentan las familias con hijos adolescentes que padecen problemas de salud mental, tanto atendiendo al análisis de la literatura científica existente, como analizando las necesidades y las competencias que presentan este tipo de familias en nuestro contexto socio-cultural. Por otro lado, obtener la información necesaria para diseñar un programa de intervención destinado a apoyar y promover la parentalidad positiva en estas familias. De la información presentada se concluye que este proyecto se sitúa en consonancia con las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales que instan al cambio desde modelos de la evaluación e intervención familiar centrados en el déficit hacia enfoques más positivos y capacitadores. Igualmente, se concluye que este proyecto puede representar un nuevo marco de intervención para la mejora de la calidad de vida de este colectivo que surge como fruto de un trabajo conjunto y coordinado que, mediante un enfoque multi-método y multi-informante, integra las aportaciones de los expertos, el conocimiento de los profesionales de salud mental y las vivencias y percepciones de los propios adolescentes y sus familias

This paper presents the design of a project with a twofold aim. Firstly, to contribute to the knowledge about the competences and support needs experienced by families of adolescents with mental health problems, both reviewing the available literature and studying the specific competences and needs experienced by these families in our context. Secondly, to obtain information to design an intervention programme to support and promote positive parenthood in these families. From the information presented can be drawn that this project is in accordance with the national and international recommendations that urge a change from deficit models to a strength-based perspective of family assessment and intervention. Likewise, the presented project provides a new intervention framework to improve the quality of life of these families. It resulted from a coordinated effort that, using a multi-method and multi-informant approach, integrates the contributions of experts, the knowledge and views of mental health professionals and the experiences and perceptions of adolescents affected by mental health problems and their families

Activos del barrio y ajuste adolescente / Neighborhood assets and adolescent adjustment

En este estudio se analiza la relación entre algunas dimensiones o activos para el desarrollo en el barrio de residencia, medidos mediante la Escala para la Evaluación de los Activos del Barrio, y el ajuste y la satisfacción vital de adolescentes. La muestra estuvo formada por 2400 adolescentes (1068 chicos y 1332 chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años, que cursaban estudios de Educación Secundaria en centros de Andalucía Occidental. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas entre la mayoría de las dimensiones de la escala (empoderamiento de la juventud, apego al barrio, seguridad y control social) y los problemas internalizantes y externalizantes, el consumo de sustancias y la satisfacción vital de los participantes. Por otra parte, los datos aportan evidencias acerca de la validez externa de la escala utilizada. A partir de los resultados se ofrecen algunas sugerencias para la intervención en el entorno comunitario (AU)

This paper presents the results of a study analyzing the relationship between some dimensions or developmental assets in the neighborhood, as measured by the Scale for the Assessment of Developmental Assets in the Neighborhood, and adjustment and life satisfaction of adolescent boys and girls. The sample consisted of 2400 adolescents (1068 boys and 1332 girls) between ages 12 and 17 who were secondary students in public and private schools in Western Andalusia. The results showed significant relationships between most dimensions of the scale (youth empowerment, attachment to neighborhood safety and social control) and internalizing and externalizing problems, substance use and life satisfaction of participants. Moreover, the data provide evidence about the external validity of the scale used in the study. From the results some suggestions for intervention in the community environment are extracted (AU)

Rutinas de sueño y ajuste adolescente / Sleep routines and adolescent adjustment

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio en el que se describen las rutinas de sueño de una muestra de 2400 adolescentes andaluces con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años y su relación con tres indicadores de ajuste psicológico, como son el consumo de sustancias, los problemas interiorizados y los exteriorizados, ambos evaluados mediante el “Autoinforme juvenil” (Youth Self Report, YSR; Achenbach, 1991). Los resultados indican que, sobre todo entre los adolescentes de más edad, hay un importante déficit de sueño los días de colegio y un retraso en la hora de acostarse durante los fines de semana. Estas rutinas de sueño se mostraron significativamente relacionadas con el ajuste psicológico, ya que aquellos que declararon dormir menos horas y que se acostaban más tarde los fines de semana presentaron un peor ajuste emocional y conductual. Se sugiere la importancia de poner en marcha algunas medidas que permitan a los adolescentes unas rutinas de sueño más saludables (AU)

This paper presents the results of a study that describes the sleep routines in a sample of 2400 Andalusian adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years and its relation to three indicators of psychological adjustment such as substance use, and internalizing and externalizing problems, both assessed by the Youth Self Report (YSR; Achenbach, 1991). The results indicate that, particularly among older teens, there is a significant sleep deprivation during school days, and a delay in bedtime hours during weekends. These sleep routines were significantly related to psychological adjustment, since those boys and girls who reported sleeping fewer hours and going to bed later on weekends had a worse emotional and behavioral adjustment. The article suggests the importance of developing some measures to allow teens healthier sleep routines

Desarrollo y validación de una escala de valores para el desarrollo positivo adolescente / Development and validation of a scale to assess positive youth development values

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de una escala de autoinforme para adolescentes que tiene como objetivo evaluar valores en el marco de la promoción del desarrollo positivo adolescente. Igualmente, presenta un número sustantivo de resultados psicométricos realizados para su construcción con una muestra de 2.400 adolescentes (1.068 chicos y 1.332 chicas) de 12 a 17 años (M= 14,73, DT= 1,25), que cursaban estudios de Educación Secundaria en centros de Andalucía occidental. Los resultados obtenidos han aportado evidencias de la calidad psicométrica de los ítems, de validez cruzada de una estructura de ocho factores de primer orden y tres de segundo orden, obtenida a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, y de adecuados índices de fiabilidad. En este estudio se concluye que la escala desarrollada constituye un instrumento con importantes evidencias de validez y fiabilidad que permite explorar, especialmente en contextos escolares, un conjunto amplio de valores de especial relevancia para el Desarrollo Positivo Adolescente (AU)

This paper describes the development of a self-report scale for adolescents to assess positive youth development values. It presents a substantial number of psychometric results performed on a sample of 2,400 adolescents (1,068 boys and 1,332 girls) from 12 to 17 years (M= 14.73, SD= 1.25), who were studying secondary education in Western Andalusia. The results provide evidence of the psychometric quality of items, cross-validity of a structure of eight first-order factors and three second-order factors, obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and adequate reliability. This study concludes that the scale presents adequate evidence of validity and reliability that allows assessment, especially in school contexts, of a broad set of values of particular relevance to positive youth development (AU)

[Development and validation of a scale to assess positive youth development values]. / Desarrollo y validación de una escala de valores para el desarrollo positivo adolescente.

This paper describes the development of a self-report scale for adolescents to assess positive youth development values. It presents a substantial number of psychometric results performed on a sample of 2,400 adolescents (1,068 boys and 1,332 girls) from 12 to 17 years ( M = 14.73, SD = 1.25), who were studying secondary education in Western Andalusia. The results provide evidence of the psychometric quality of items, cross-validity of a structure of eight first-order factors and three second-order factors, obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and adequate reliability. This study concludes that the scale presents adequate evidence of validity and reliability that allows assessment, especially in school contexts, of a broad set of values of particular relevance to positive youth development.

Variables familiares asociadas a la conducta antisocial infantil: el papel desempeñado por el tipo de estructura familiar / No disponible

Este trabajo presenta un doble objetivo, conocer las posibles diferencias que puedenexistir entre diferentes tipos familiares en relación a las variables implicadas en la conductaantisocial, y determinar el papel desempeñado por la variable tipo de estructura familiaren el desarrollo de este tipo de conductas. La muestra estuvo constituida por un total de214 familias, de contextos normalizados, con menores de 3 a 10 años. La familias pertenecierona seis tipos de estructuras familiares en función a su composición: tradicionales,monoparentales, reconstituidas, de partos múltiples, homoparentales y adoptivas. Losresultados pusieron de manifiesto que ante contextos familiares normalizados existe unaamplia homogeneidad en relación a las variables asociadas a la manifestación de conductasantisociales infantiles entre los distintos tipos de estructuras familiares. Igualmente, losresultaron mostraron que, una vez controlado los efectos que pudieran estar ejerciendoterceras variables, no se encontraban diferencias significativas en cuanto a los nivelesde conducta antisocial infantil manifestado por los menores pertenecientes a diferentestipos familiares. Este último dato lleva a concluir que el tipo de estructura familiar en elque se desarrolle el menor no debe a priori ser entendido como un factor de riesgo parala conducta antisocial infantil(AU)

This paper has two mains aims: to examine differences in variables associated withantisocial behaviour between types of family structure, and to analyze the associationbetween family structure and antisocial behaviour. The sample consisted of 214 familiescomposed by parents and children aged from 3 to 10 years. Six different types offamily structure were considered in the study: traditional, single, step, adoptive, lesbianand gays and multiple births families. Results showed high homogeneity in variablesassociated with antisocial behaviour between types of family structure. Moreover,results indicated that when third-variable effects were controlled, antisocial behaviourdid not show significant relationship with the type of family structure. This last resultleads to the conclusion that it is not the family structure itself a risk factor to children’santisocial behaviour(AU)

Los programas extraescolares como recurso para fomentar el desarrollo positivo adolescente / No disponible

La mayoría de las intervenciones dirigidas a la población adolescente han partido de un modelo de déficit y se han centrado en laprevención de conductas de riesgo. En la actualidad este modelo está siendo sustituido por otro de competencia que pretende promoverel desarrollo de chicos y chicas en esta etapa evolutiva. Por otro lado, existe cada vez mayor conciencia de que las actividadesextraescolares son un importante recurso a través del cual estimular el desarrollo adolescente. El objetivo de este trabajo esrevisar lo que hasta el momento sabemos de los programas extraescolares de desarrollo positivo, analizando entre otros aspectos,las características de los programas exitosos o las consecuencias que tiene la participación en ellos. Asimismo, se exponen ejemplosde dos programas extraescolares llevados a cabo en España con el objetivo de estimular el bienestar adolescente. Para concluir sepresentan algunas preguntas que todavía carecen de respuesta y futuras líneas de trabajo (AU)

Most youth intervention programs had tried to prevent risk behaviors using an approach based on a deficit model about adolescent’shealth and development. Recently this model has been questioned by new approaches that emphasize competence and positive youthdevelopment. There is converging evidence suggesting that extracurricular activities are able to promote adolescent development. Thispaper reviews the contemporary literature on extracurricular activities as a resource to promote youth development. We focus on differenttopics such as particular characteristics of effective extracurricular programs, and about the participant’s positive outcomes.We also describe two examples of Spanish extracurricular youth development program. To conclude we present a few questionswithout answers and future research guidelines (AU)